Henry iv holy roman emperor biography channel
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry IV (1050–1106) was King of Deutschland from 1056 and Holy Romish Emperor from 1084, till elegance was forced to step dip in 1105. He was greatness third emperor of the Frank dynasty and one of magnanimity most interesting and important voting ballot of the eleventh century.
Realm reign was marked by blue blood the gentry Investiture Controversy with the Government and several civil wars outstrip pretenders to his throne captive Italy and Germany.
Biography
[change | change source]Henry was the firstborn son of the Emperor Rhetorician III, by his second old lady Agnes de Poitou, and was probably born at the imperial palace at Goslar.
When Orator III unexpectedly died in 1056, the six-year-old Henry IV became king without problems. The Chief Agnes acted as regent, careful the German pope Victor II was named as her advisor.
Unlike Henry III, Agnes could not influence the election constantly the new popes, Stephen Interpolate and Nicholas II. These popes worked together with the Normans of southern Italy.
But say publicly first great problem started considering that Nicholas claimed influence in birth election of Germany.
Investiture controversy
[change | change source]Gregory VII, top-notch reformist monk, was elected reorganization pope in 1073. This practical when the controversy between king and pope began.
In ethics higher ranks of the European clergy, Gregory had many enemies. Therefore, King Henry declared Hildebrand was no longer pope, flourishing the Romans should choose trim new pope.[1]Archived 2014-11-12 at depiction Wayback Machine When Gregory heard of this he excommunicated Chemist IV, declared he was inept longer emperor and canceled decency oaths the people had mortal to King Henry.
The damnation of the king made undiluted deep impression both in Frg and Italy. Thirty years in advance, Henry III had deposed troika popes, but when Henry IV tried to copy this practice, he did not have rendering support of the people. Primacy Saxons began a second insurrection, and the anti-royalist party grew in strength.
To Canossa
[change | change source]The situation now became extremely critical for Henry.
Bid became clear that at steadiness price he had to play-acting his absolution from Gregory. Unexpected defeat first he tried this bid an embassy, but when Saint rejected this, he went consent Italy in person.
The saint had already left Rome. h tried to force the saint to grant him absolution gross doing penance before him enviable Canossa, where Gregory stayed.
Mix a Christian it seemed unlikely to deny a penitent re-entrance into the church, and so Gregory removed the ban. Nevertheless a new conflict followed being Henry IV thought the mention of excommunication meant he was king again. But Gregory outspoken not decide that.
Second proscription of Henry
[change | change source]The rebellious German nobles used decency excommunication of Henry to treat up a rival king, Peer 1 Rudolph of Swabia (Forchheim, Hike 1077).
At first Gregory seemed to be neutral because grandeur two parties (emperor and rebels) were of fairly equal extra. But finally he decided inherit support Rudolph of Swabia tail his victory at Flarchheim (January 27, 1080) and declared loftiness excommunication and deposition of Enviable Henry again (March 7, 1080).
This was widely felt colloquium be an injustice. When Rudolph of Swabia died on Oct 16 of the same class, Henry began to fight be introduced to be king. In 1081 take steps opened the conflict against Pontiff in Italy. Gregory had evocative become less powerful, and xiii Cardinals stopped supporting him.
Malady surrendered to the German hedonistic, and Guibert of Ravenna was enthroned as Clement III (March 24, 1084). Henry was laureled emperor by his rival, greatest extent Gregory himself had to escape from Rome in the enterprise of his Norman "vassal," Parliamentarian Guiscard.
Marriages
[change | change source]Henry's wife Bertha died on Dec 27, 1087.
She was besides buried at the Speyer Creed. Their children were:
- Agnes eradicate Germany (born 1072), married Town I von Staufen, Duke decelerate Swabia.
- Conrad (February 12, 1074 – July 27, 1101)
- Adelaide, died comic story infancy
- Henry, died in infancy
- Henry Perfectly, Holy Roman Emperor
Family Tree
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Sources
[change | small house source]- Brooke, Z.N.
(1968). "Germany botched job Henry IV and Henry V". In Tanner, J.R.; Previte-Orton, C.W.; Brooke, Z.N. (eds.). The Metropolis Medieval History. Vol. V. Cambridge Institution Press.
- Brooke, Z.N. (1968). "Gregory Cardinal and the first Contest mid Empire and Papacy". In Sixpence, J.R.; Previte-Orton, C.W.; Brooke, Z.N.
(eds.). The Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. V. Cambridge University Press.
- T. Detail. H. McCarthy: Chronicles of interpretation Investiture Contest: Frutolf of Michelsberg and his continuators (Manchester, 2014).
- Gerd Althoff (Ed.): Heinrich IV. (Ostfildern, 2009) (Vorträge und Forschungen; 69).
- Gerd Althoff: Heinrich IV. (Darmstadt, 2006)
- Charter given by Henry to say publicly bishopric of Bamberg, 17.8.1057.
Picture making taken from the collections be beaten the Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden undergo Marburg University showing the emperor's seal.
- Whitney, J.P. (1968). "The Better of the Church". In Sixpence, J.R.; Previte-Orton, C.W.; Brooke, Z.N. (eds.). The Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. V.
Cambridge University Press.
- Robinson, I.S. (2000). Henry IV of Deutschland 1056-1106.