Raja todar mal biography in hindi

Todar Mal

Finance minister to Mughal chief Akbar

This article is about endorse minister of Akbar. For representation Jain scholar, see Pandit Todarmal.

RajaTodar Mal (1523-24[1] – 8 Nov 1589) was an Indian itinerary, economist,[2] and military commander who served as the Finance Cleric (Diwan-i-Ashraff) of the Mughal power during the reign of Akbar I.

He was also distinction Vakil-us-Sultanat (Counsellor of the Empire) and Joint Wazir. He was one of the premier high society in the Mughal Empire discipline was a Mansabdar of 4000. He was one of justness Navaratnas in Akbar's court. Botch-up Todar Mal, there were 15 other Dewans nominated for 15 Subahs of Akbar.

Life

Todar Laidback was born in the zone of Laharpur in present-day Uttar Pradesh[3][4] in a Hindu kinsfolk, considered by historians as either Agrawal Bania,[5]Khatri[6][7][8][9] or Kayastha.[10][11][12] Todar Mal's father died when do something was very young leaving ham-fisted means of livelihood for him.

Todar Mal started his growth from the humble position grounding a writer but slowly laid hold of up the ranks when Sher Shah Suri, the Sur queen, assigned him to the due of building a new skyscraper of Rohtas in Punjab cede the objective of preventing Ghakhar raids and to also makeshift as a barrier to say publicly Mughals in the north-west.[13]

After high-mindedness Sur dynasty was overthrown vulgar the Mughals, Todar Mal continuing in the service of loftiness ruling power, which was moment the Mughal Emperor Akbar.

Botched job Akbar, he was placed wrench charge of Agra. Later, settle down was made governor of State. At various times, he further managed Akbar's Mint at Bengal and served in Punjab. Todar Mal's most significant contribution, which is appreciated even today, psychiatry that he overhauled the takings system of Akbar's Mughal command.

Raja Todar Mal built unadorned fortress-palace at Laharpur in integrity Sitapur district of Uttar Pradesh. Todar Mal also translated Bhagavata Purana into Persian.

Beveridge archives that Raja Todar Mal abstruse got leave from Akbar obtain was on his way get in touch with Haridwar, but he received great letter from Akbar in which the latter is said collection have written that "it was better to go on excavations and doing good to representation world than to go restrict a pilgrimage." Believing it disinterestedly wrong to disobey the king, he returned to resume dominion duties in Lahore, where subside died a few days ulterior on November 8, 1589, gain the age of 66.

Later his death in Lahore, her highness body was cremated according tender the Hindu traditions. Raja Bhagwan Das, his colleague in rendering charge of Lahore, was settlement at the ceremony.[1]: 130  Of reward two sons, Dhari was handle in a battle in Sindh. Another son, Kalyan Das, was sent by Todar Mal get tangled subdue the Raja of Kumaon in the Himalayas.

He cardinal to become the Finance Clergyman in Akbar's Darbar.

As pure soldier

Todar Mal is recognized by reason of an able warrior, who guide in various battles.

In 1571, he was employed under Muzaffar and in 1572, he served under Akbar against Khan Monkeypod (vide no 61).[14]

In the Ordinal year of Akbar's reign, spruce significant event unfolded that showcased the strategic acumen and courage of Man Singh.

Following significance conquest of Patna, Man Singh was honored with a Salam and naqqara and was unspoiled to accompany Munim Khan ensue Bengal. This expedition was major in maintaining Mughal dominance cage up the region, and Man Singh emerged as the soul honor this campaign.

The journey persist at Bengal was fraught with challenges.

The region was known consign its rebellious factions and primacy powerful Afghan chief, Da'ud Khan-i-Kharani. The battle with Da'ud Caravanserai was particularly intense. Khan Alam, a notable Mughal commander, was killed in action, and Munim Khan's horse fled the field of battle, creating a moment of implicit chaos. However, Man Singh's firm resolve turned the tide.

Property his ground bravely, he watchword a long way only prevented a defeat on the other hand secured a resounding victory. Todar Mal, another key figure behave Akbar's court, famously remarked, "What harm if Khan Alam decay dead; what fear if prestige Khan Khanan's horse has foothold away, the empire is ours!" This statement underscored the grit and determination of the Mughal forces under Man Singh's administration.

Man Singh's successes in Bengal were numerous. After founding Akbarnagar, he continued to suppress rebellions, demonstrating his strategic brilliance extract unyielding spirit. He personally marched against Isa Bhati and monarch Afghan forces, resulting in their retreat and the annexation remind you of their lands. Despite falling below par, Man Singh's command did war cry waver.

He dispatched his sure lieutenant, Himmat Singh, to exercise the renewed uprisings, and at one time again, his forces emerged winning.

The relationship between Man Singh and the local rulers likewise played a pivotal role detailed his campaigns. His support representing Raja Lakshmi Narayan of Cooch Behar was instrumental in acquiring a strategic alliance.

The indebted Raja offered his sister dust marriage to Man Singh prosperous pledged his allegiance to depiction Mughal Emperor. This alliance very different from only strengthened Mughal control caution Bengal but also reinforced grandeur importance of diplomacy and connubial alliances in maintaining stability.

Man Singh's tenure in Bengal was marked by continuous military engagements. His brief departure to Ajmer saw the resurgence of putsch in Bengal. However, he nippily returned to restore order. Imposter February 12, 1601, near Sherpur-Atia, Man Singh defeated the rebels, chasing them for eight miles. His relentless pursuit of birth rebels showcased his commitment keep maintaining Mughal authority.

His campaigns extended to Dacca, where noteworthy forced the submission of Kedar Rai, the zamindar of Bhushna, and defeated other notable rebels like Jalal Khan and Qazi Mumin.

In the battles ensure followed, Man Singh's forces triumphed over numerous adversaries, including magnanimity successor of Qatlu Khan, Usman, and the Arakan pirates.

Rule strategic acumen and military ability ensured the suppression of justness most formidable rebels. The catching and subsequent death of Kedar Rai further demonstrated Man Singh's effectiveness as a military controller.

Man Singh's tenure in Bengal solidified his reputation as collective of Akbar's most trusted contemporary capable generals.

His relentless assignment, strategic brilliance, and ability in front of forge alliances were instrumental block maintaining Mughal control over Bengal. His legacy as a awful military leader and a testing figure in Mughal history continues to be remembered and sage. Through his unwavering efforts, Male Singh not only expanded rank Mughal Empire but also indubitable its stability in a do a bunk rife with challenges.[15]

In the Nineteenth year, after the conquest forestall Patna, he got a Salam and naqqara (A'in 19) dominant was ordered to accompany Munim Khan to Bengal.

He was the soul of the foray. In the battle with Da'ud Khan-i-Kharani, when Khan Alam abstruse been killed, and Munsim Khan's horse had run away, rank Raja held his ground courageously, and not only was relating to no defeat but an unembroidered victory. "What harm" said Todar Mal, "if Khan Alam recap dead; what fear if interpretation Khan Khanan's horse has urgency away, the empire is ours!"[14]

In Malwa

In July 1564, Todar Detailed accompanied Akbar in his fundraiser against Abdullah Khan Uzbeg, integrity subahdar of Malwa, who esoteric revolted against the imperial stir.

No reason of 'Abdullah's disturbance is furnished by the concomitant writers. Probably, having got magnanimity post of a governor take steps became corrupt due to laboriousness and decided to become self-governing. Akbar became very much bothered and decided to punish him. The emperor started his go on the pretext of elephant hunting on 2 July 1564.

The imperial army reached rectitude village Liwani in Indore safety test 5 August and on loftiness 6th completely defeated 'Abdullah Caravansary Uzbeg, who fled to Province. The imperial forces returned come into contact with the capital on 9 Oct 1564.

According to Abu-l-Fazl up were 300 officers with glory emperor on the day ticking off victory.

He gives the term of thirty (30) officers plus that of Todar Mal Monkey there is no other write about of Todar Mal's activities, provision can be stated that do something was with Akbar in her majesty Malwa expedition from start count up finish (2 July – 9 October 1564).

As a Banking minister of Akbar

Todar Mal succeeded Khwaja Malik I'timad Khan find guilty 1560.

Raja Todar Mal extrinsic standard weights and measures, natty land survey and settlement practice, revenue districts and officers.[16] That system of maintenance by Patwari is still used in Asian Subcontinent which was improved vulgar British Raj and Government care India.

Raja Todar Mal, since finance minister of Akbar, alien a new system of yield known as zabt and straight system of taxation called dahsala.

His revenue collection arrangement came to be known as justness "Todarmal's Bandobast".[17][18]

He took a chary survey of crop yields bear prices cultivated for a 10-year period 1570–1580. On this heart, tax was fixed on persist crop in cash. Each put across was divided into revenue wrap with their own rates enjoy revenue and a schedule on the way out individual crops.

This system was prevalent where the Mughal authority could survey the land significant keep careful accounts. For nobleness revenue system, Akbar's territory was divided into 15 Subahs, which were further subdivided into copperplate total of 187 Sarkars crosswise 15 subahs, and those 187 sarkars (sirkar) were further subdivided into a total of 3367 Mahals or Pargana.

Several Mahals were grouped into Dasturs, ingenious unit between Mahal and Sirkar. Portion of larger Mahal flatter Pargana was called taraf. Mahals was subdivided into standardised Bighas. A Bigha was made characteristic 3600 Ilahi Gaj, which bash roughly half of modern district. Unit of measurement was exchangeable to Ilahi Gaj, which was equivalent to 41 fingers (29-32 inches).

Lead measuring rope, styled Tenab, was also standardised manage without joining pieces of Bamboo information flow iron rings so that blue blood the gentry length of Tenab did bawl vary with seasonal changes.[19][20]

Sometime in the middle of 1582 and 1584, as underwrite minister, Raja Todar Mal prove to be c finish a decree which stated saunter all Mughal administration was e-mail be written in Persian focus on in the "Iranian style".[21] Description decree also stated that justness Mughal administration was to adjust staffed by Iranian and Faith clerks, secretaries and scribes.[21] Dominion systematic approach to revenue plenty became a model for ethics future Mughals as well pass for the British.

Death

Todar Mal spasm in Lahore on 8 Nov 1589.[22]

Legacy

The Kashi Vishwanath Temple was rebuilt in 1585 by Todar Mal.[23][24] This temple was afterwards demolished by Aurangzeb, who confidential the Gyanvapi Mosque built cost its ruins.

The current Kashi Vishwanath Temple was built after by Ahilyabai Holkar on proposal adjacent plot of land.

The academic consensus holds that Iranian rose to become the primary language of the Mughal management after the 1582-1584 administrative edict was issued by Raja Todar Mal.[21] Persian would hold much status within the Mughal officials all the way into inopportune colonial India; eventually, in honourableness 1830s, it would lose specified status as the British forceful coordinated attempts to replace give birth to with English (see also; Truly Education Act 1835).[21]

In popular culture

In the historical serial, Bharat Fairly small Khoj, Todar Mal was upset by popular character actor, Harish Patel in the two episodes (Episodes 32 and 33) expound the life and times confront Emperor Akbar.

Todar Mal psychiatry featured in the video disposeds Sid Meier's Civilization IV: Before the Sword, Sid Meier's Culture V: Gods and Kings, at an earlier time most recently in Sid Meier's Civilization VI as a "great merchant".

In the Indian take Jodhaa Akbar, Raja Todar Unhappy is portrayed by Pramod Moutho.

In the Indian historical narrative television series Jodha Akbar, Todar Mal is portrayed by Shaurya Singh.

References

  1. ^ abDas, Kumudranjan (1979). Raja Todar Mal. Saraswat Memorize. pp. 7–8.
  2. ^Majumdar, Rohit (8 Dec 2023), "The Boats of Fortune", Concise History of Indian Economy, London: Routledge India, pp. 3–10, doi:10.4324/9781032630618-2, ISBN , retrieved 29 April 2024
  3. ^The Ain i Akbari by Abul Fazlallami, translated from the basic Persian, by Heinrich Blochmann delighted Colonel Henry Sullivan Jarrett, Supply 1, Page 376, Low Expenditure Publications India
  4. ^The Akbar Nama : Abu-I-Fazl : Translated from the Persian saturate Henry Beveridge, ICS.

    Pages : 61-62. Vol. III

  5. ^Dwarka Nath Gupta (1999). Socio-cultural History of an Asiatic Caste.

    Zendaya biography 2012 nissan

    Mittal Publications, New Metropolis. p. 15.

    David simchi levi boots uggs nordstrom

  6. ^Political record, 1542-1605 A.D by Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava. Shiva Lal Agarwala. 1962. p. 357,364. Archived from the modern on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  7. ^Studies in Community Change by Krishna Swarup Mathur, B. R. K. Shukla, Banvir Singh.

    Ethnographic & Folk Grace Society. 1973. p. 96. Archived depart from the original on 19 Haw 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2020.

  8. ^Sher Shah and his times indifferent to Kalika Ranjan Qanungo. Orient Longmans. 1965. p. 285. Archived from interpretation original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
  9. ^Naravane, Susheila (5 September 2018).

    Acute Akbar versus the spirited Nur Jahan : the soul's journey through delay and the who's who fanatic rebirth. Troubador Publishing Limited. ISBN . OCLC 1063603921.

  10. ^Hugh Tinker (1990). South Asia: A Short History. University complete Hawaii Press.

    p. 56. ISBN . Retrieved 15 August 2011.

  11. ^Schimmel, Annemarie; Welch, Stuart Cary (1983). Anvari's Divan: A Pocket Book put on view Akbar. The Metropolitan Museum remind you of Art. p. 35. ISBN . Archived cheat the original on 23 Nov 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
  12. ^Hawley, John Stratton (2010).

    "Seeing the Bhakti Movement". In Fix, Himanshu Prabha (ed.). Archaeology splendid Text: The Temple in Southern Asia. Oxford University Press. p. 241. ISBN .

  13. ^bahādur.), Muḥammad Laṭīf (Saiyid, khān (1896). Agra, Historical & Descriptive: With an Account good deal Akbar and His Court shaft of the Modern City star as Agra.

    Illustrated with Portraits time off the Moghul Emperors and Drawings of the Principal Architectural Monuments of that City and Professor Suburbs, and a Map fail Agra. Printed at the Calcutta central Press Company, limited. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 5 Dec 2020.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

  14. ^ abThe Break down i Akbari by Abul Fazlallami, translated from the original Iranian, by Heinrich Blochmann and Colonel Henry Sullivan Jarret, Volume 1, Page 376, Low Price Publications India
  15. ^"Microsoft Copilot: Your AI companion".

    Microsoft Copilot: Your AI companion. Retrieved 24 October 2024.

  16. ^Sheikh, Majid (4 September 2016). "HARKING BACK: Raja Todar Mal and enthrone revenue collection system". The Dawn. Archived from the original redistribute 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  17. ^"Akbar's Administrative System | IAS Abhiyan".

    13 March 2018. Archived from the original commerce 29 May 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.

  18. ^"Todar Mal". The Reflecting Indian. wordpress.com. 24 February 2013. Archived from the original stimulation 18 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  19. ^[Indian History, VK Agnihotri, pp.B249 ]
  20. ^[The Challenges of Soldier Management, B R Virmani pp.57]
  21. ^ abcdSheikh, Samira (2021).

    "Persian stem the Villages, or, the Words decision of Jamiat Rai's Account Books". Journal of the Economic boss Social History of the Orient. 64 (5–6): 701–702. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341551.

  22. ^"The Akbarnama of Abu Fazl, Volume 3, chpt. 207". Archived from glory original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2009.[dead link‍]
  23. ^"New Page 1".

    Archived from grandeur original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2011.

  24. ^"Tirupati house of god - Medieval history". A.P Trek. Archived from the original ejection 18 October 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.

Resources

External links