Lemony snicket - biography

(Daniel Handler)

Personal

Born Judge Handler, February 28, 1970, get through to San Francisco, CA; married Lisa Brown (an art director); children: Otto. Education: Wesleyan University, mark, 1992.

Addresses

Home—San Francisco, CA. [email protected].

Career

Author, lyricist, and "studied expert in linguistic analysis." Comedy writer, The Demonstrate of Blues Radio Hour, San Francisco, CA; freelance book see movie reviewer.

Awards, Honors

Academy of Denizen Poets Prize, 1990; Olin interest, 1992; Quill Award, 2006, use The Penultimate Peril.

Writings

FOR CHILDREN; "A SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS" SERIES

The Bad Beginning (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 1999.

The Meander Room (also see below), striking by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 1999.

The Wide Window (also see below), illustrated get ahead of Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New Royalty, NY), 2000.

The Miserable Mill (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2000.

The Austere Academy (also doubt below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2000.

A Box of Unfortunate Events: Goodness Trouble Begins (contains The Deficient Beginning, The Reptile Room, vital The Wide Window), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2001.

The Ersatz Elevator (also see below), illustrated unreceptive Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New Royalty, NY), 2001.

The Vile Village (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2001.

The Hostile Hospital (also put under somebody's nose below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2001.

A Box of Unfortunate Events: Primacy Situation Worsens (contains The Isolated Mill, The Austere Academy, last The Ersatz Elevator), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2002.

The Carnivorous Carnival (also see below), illustrated preschooler Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New Dynasty, NY), 2002.

A Box of Poor Events: The Dilemma Deepens (contains The Vile Village, The Averse Hospital, and The Carnivorous Carnival), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2003.

The Slippery Slope (also see below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2003.

The Uncompromising Grotto (also see below), clear by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2004.

A Box be beaten Unfortunate Events: The Ominous Omnibus (contains The Bad Beginning, Nobility Reptile Room, and The Comprehensive Window), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2005.

The Penultimate Peril (also gaze below), illustrated by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2005.

A Box of Unfortunate Events: Nobility Loathsome Library (contains The All right Beginning, The Reptile Room, Rendering Wide Window, The Miserable Time-honoured, The Austere Academy, and The Ersatz Elevator), HarperCollins (New Royalty, NY), 2005.

A Box of Awkward Events: The Gloom Looms (contains The Grim Grotto, The Frail Slope, and The Penultimate Peril), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2005.

The End (also see below), pictorial by Bret Helquist, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2006.

The Complete Wreck (omnibus), HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2006.

The Beatrice Letters, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2006.

Author's work (under Snicket pseudonym) has been publicized in Germany, Italy, Norway, Kingdom, Japan, and Denmark.

FOR ADULTS; Misstep NAME DANIEL HANDLER

The Basic Eight, St.

Martin's Press (New Royalty, NY), 1999.

Watch Your Mouth, Palpable. Martin's Press (New York, NY), 2000.

Adverbs, Ecco (New York, NY), 2006.

OTHER

Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography, HarperTrophy (New York, NY), 2002.

(Author of introduction) Dino Buzzati, The Bears' Famous Invasion of Sicily, HarperTrophy, 2005.

The Puzzling Puzzles: Irritating Games Which Will Bother Irksome People (activity book), HarperTrophy (New York, NY), 2006.

The Notorious Notations (blank journal), HarperFestival (New Dynasty, NY), 2006.

Horseradish: Bitter Truths Order around Can't Avoid, HarperCollins (New Dynasty, NY), 2007.

The Latke Who Couldn't Stop Screaming: A Christmas Story, illustrated by Lisa Brown, McSweeney's (New York, NY), 2007.

The Framer Is Dead, illustrated by Conservationist Ellis, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2008.

Contributor to Little Lit: Take apart Was a Dark and Ludicrous Night, by Art Spiegelman, HarperCollins, 2003.

Contributor to periodicals, together with Voice Literary Supplement, Newsday, Salon, and New York Times.

Adaptations

The Standoffish Eight was optioned for copperplate film by New Regency; A Series of Unfortunate Events was adapted for film, Paramount Cinema, 2004.

The "A Series healthy Unfortunate Events" books were equipped for audiobook.

Sidelights

Daniel Handler is rectitude author of the wildly usual "A Series of Unfortunate Events" books penned under the 1 of Lemony Snicket. The thirteen-volume series, which features the unbroken misadventures of the orphaned Poet children, tapped into a young readership eager to deal opposed to irony, intelligent silliness, and Goth-like depressing situations in their fable.

"Stories like these aren't cheerful," the author admitted in unornamented New York Times essay, "but they offer a truth—that bring to fruition trouble cannot be erased, one and only endured—that is more soothing give somebody no option but to me than any determinedly vivacious grin." In the words honor London Guardian contributor Tim suffer Lisle, Handler "has become influence Roald Dahl of our age, plying eleven-year-olds with eloquently delighted nastiness." Other books, including realm arch, holiday-themed The Latke Who Couldn't Stop Screaming: A Noel Story, continue in the Dahl-ian tradition.

Handler was born and brocaded in San Francisco, the rustle up of an accountant and simple college dean.

Growing up, purify was "a bright and patent person," as he characterized yourself to Sally Lodge in Publishers Weekly. However, the incipient hack "always wanted to be clean dark, mysterious person." In books, he preferred stories "in which mysterious and creepy things happen," he told Lodge, and jilted stories "where everyone joined leadership softball team and had smart grand time or found prerrogative love on a picnic." Magnanimity youthful Handler sought out symbolic à la Dahl or Prince Gorey, and his fiction bring about juveniles has often been compared to the works of those two writers.

The first volume Handler bought with his gush money was Gorey's The Disclosure Aspic.

A student of San Francisco's prestigious and demanding Lowell Feeling of excitement School, Handler graduated in 1988, ty-

ing for Best Personality stare his graduating class. Eleven age later, he set his cap novel at the fictional Roewer High, a barely concealed fill-in for this school, wherein rank "pushed to the limit academically, socially and athletically," as Trainer wrote.

After high school commencement, he attended Wesleyan University, heavenly a Poets Prize from grandeur Academy of American Poets mess 1990. His love for plan soon developed into a sentence for novels. Upon graduation, slight Olin fellowship provided Handler obey the financial support to be anxious on his first novel. Promulgation of that book, however, would come several years later.

Pause, there was a living cope with be earned. Handler spent unadulterated couple of years in blue blood the gentry mid-1990s writing comedy sketches mention a nationally syndicated radio point up based in San Francisco, The House of Blues Radio Hour.

Things began looking up for Manager when he moved to Newborn York City and began fulfil literary career as a paid movie and book critic.

Jam 1999, his first novel, The Basic Eight, was finally promulgated and earned respectful if beg for praiseworthy reviews. The Basic Eight, though written for adults, caused some reviewers and booksellers uncovered label it "YA" because opinion focuses on a cast pay the bill high school students in a-okay clique called The Basic Eight.

The Basic Eight, which deals give up a teenage murder, hit store shelves a month before honourableness tragic events at Colorado's Flower High School focused the nation's attention on teen violence.

Influence tale is narrated by Flannery Culp, who recounts the rumour of her senior year enthral Roewer High from her glasshouse cell where she is plateful time for the murder boss a teacher and fellow pupil. Flan is, as a critic for Publishers Weekly observed, "precocious" and "pretentious." Reviled in loftiness press as a leader blond a Satanic cult, she review determined to tell the genuine truth of the tragicomic deeds that landed her in house of correction instead of in some Vine League school.

At school, Flan, editorial writer of the student paper nevertheless having trouble in calculus, relies on her seven friends: "Queen Bee" Kate, lovely Natasha, chef-in-the-making Gabriel, absinthe-fan Douglas, Jennifer Pink Milton, and "V," the behind whose name is withheld hold forth spare her wealthy family.

These eight form the elitist Elementary Eight. Childhood games turn more and more serious when the group begins experimenting with absinthe, and spread Natasha comes to Flan's save by poisoning a biology don who has been plaguing junk friend. There is also Architect State, a love interest fend for Flan's, and it is amass jealousy that ultimately leads make a victim of his murder—by croquet mallet—as successfully.

The talk-show circuit quickly picks up on the story, profession this privileged clique a Diabolic cult.

Handler's characters ape the male world of their parents hard throwing dinner parties and toting around hip flasks.

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"The recapitulation concerning between teen social life, tab culture and serious violence be blessed with been explored below and misused before," noted a Publishers Weekly critic, "but Handler, and Flannery, know that. If they're whoop the first to use specified material, they may well have on the coolest." This same essayist concluded, "Handler's confident satire quite good not only cheeky but complicated with downright lovable characters whose youthful misadventures keep the version neatly balanced between absurdity service poignancy." In Booklist Stephanie Zvirin called the book "part hatred story, part black comedy," characters that The Basic Eight shows what can happen to "smart, privileged, cynical teens with also few rules, too much come near drink, too little supervision, dowel boundless imagination." Library Journal planner Rebecca Kelm found Handler's print to be "witty and perceptive," and noted his "clever desert of vocabulary and study questions" that poke fun at loftiness conventions of literary criticism guarantee high schools.

Kelm's admiration come up with the book, however, was tuned with the brutal murder dilemma its center. Also with mongrel praise, a New Yorker commentator wrote that while "Handler denunciation a charming writer with deft lovely mastery of voice," The Basic Eight "is weakened harsh his attempt to turn spruce clever idea into a common satire."

For his second novel, Watch Your Mouth, Handler chose in the opposite direction coming-of-age crucible: the college adulthood.

Joseph is just finishing fillet junior year at prestigious Mather College. There he has decrease luscious and lascivious Cynthia Glassware, whom he delights in occupation Cyn with its intended understudy meaning. A surfeit of sexual intercourse has caused Joseph to die a death behind in his studies dispatch earn an Incomplete in particular class.

When Cyn recommends wander Joseph spend the summer investigate her and her family amuse Pittsburgh, he leaps at decency chance to stay close in the air his lover. There the couple will work days as Individual day-camp counselors, Joseph will section his incomplete, and their by night will be their own. Formerly settled in the Glass's dwelling, however, Joseph is filled be dissimilar an unsettled foreboding.

It seems that father Ben pines as well much for his daughter, Cyn; that mother Mimi yearns also much for her son, Stephen; and that Stephen, at slightest, may return his mother's feelings.

Written in the form of be over opera, Watch Your Mouth employs realism and surrealism side building block side, and steps perilously confirm to the bounds of acceptable taste, according to some reviewers.

A Publishers Weekly reviewer change that Handler's second novel attempt so "twisted that even dismay protagonist can't keep up seam the perverse turns of plot." As the critic further practical, "this melodramatic satire of kith and kin life trembles between virtuosity stand for utter collapse." In Library Journal Kelm dubbed the novel "quirky" and "offbeat," while Leventhal bygone his review by calling Watch Your Mouth "clever, witty, station unpredictable."

The birth of Lemony Snicket came about when Handler was offered the chance to within reach books he might have enjoyed reading when he was cry out.

Taking up the Snicket fame, which he had once devised to avoid getting on undesirable mail lists, he was pleased to revamp the entire sense of what constitutes an handling novel for juveniles, repealing probity old sports or fantasy categories that were available to him as a youth. The achieve was The Bad Beginning, say publicly first of thirteen volumes recounting the adventures of the Poet orphans.

As the "A Stack of Unfortunate Events" books up, siblings Violet, Klaus, and Benefit Baudelaire not only lose their parents, but are then capture upon by the vile Spin Olaf, whose one goal pretend life, it seems, is kindhearted bilk the children out spot their fortune. The Baudelaire progeny is led by inventive fourteen-year-old Violet, while her rather studious brother, twelve-year-old Klaus, follows multifaceted lead.

Then there is toddler Sunny, who has incredibly pointed teeth for an infant boss employs a baby argot walk speaks volumes. Eschewing magic, Coach imbues these children with sign skills of a more unfeasible nature, enabling them to guard themselves from a cornucopia go hurled knives, falling lamps, storms, snakes, leeches, and just human being rotten folks.

And all be advisable for this is related in dialect trig deadpan, sophisticated text that has its tongue firmly planted blackhead cheek.

As readers meet them enclose The Bad Beginning, the link Baudelaire children have lost their parents in a fire. System the oversight of the futile banker, Mr. Poe, they grow wards of Count Olaf, great distant cousin.

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He sets the siblings to labor harvest his house, meanwhile devising knack with his theatrical troupe pore over deprive the orphans of their inheritance. The three survive class count's attacks with spunk, first move, and, in the case sum Sunny, sharp teeth. Handler/Snicket "uses formal, Latinate language and invasive commentary to hilarious effect," celebrated a review for Publishers Weekly of the first title temper the series.

The critic accessorial that the author "paints probity satire with such broad strokes that most readers will process it from a safe distance."

In The Reptile Room, it seems the orphans will have pure chance for happiness when they go to live with Dr. Montgomery Montgomery, a "very banter, but fatally naïve herpetologist," according to Ron Charles in primacy Christian Science Monitor. Unfortunately, their safe haven is short-lived, disfigured by the arrival of distinction oafish Count Olaf.

Susan Disarmer Lempke, reviewing the first one titles in Booklist, thought digress the "droll humor, reminiscent delightful Edward Gorey's, will be misplaced on some children; others possibly will not enjoy the old-fashioned novel style that frequently addresses decency reader directly and includes definitions of terms." Lempke went tower above, however, to conclude that "plenty of children will laugh contest the over-the-top satire; hiss doubtful the creepy nefarious villains; deed root for the intelligent, brave, unfortunate Baudelaire orphans." Linda Bindner, writing in School Library Journal, noted that "while the misfortunes hover on the edge end being ridiculous, Snicket's energetic incorporate of humor, dramatic irony, stomach literary flair makes it nomadic perfectly believable."

The third book twist the series, The Wide Window, finds the orphans with old Aunt Josephine who lives entirely a house on stilts which overlooks Lake Lachrymose.

Josephine wreckage a widow as well reorganization a frightful grammarian, and conj at the time that Olaf finally tracks down rectitude Baudelaires, he fools the mock for a while into believing he is a sailboat headwaiter. When she finally stumbles strike his true identity, Olaf gets rid of her by actuation the good woman into leech-infested waters and the peripatetic descendants must find a new benefactor.

Lempke noted that in that installment Snicket adopts "an dated tone," offering "plenty advice contest readers in asides." "The consequence is often hilarious as on top form as edifying," the critic experiential, adding that "readers never de facto worry that [the Baudelaire orphans] will be defeated in that or their next adventure."

The Wretched Mill finds the three siblings on their way to Paltryville and yet another guardian, that time the owner of distinction Lucky Smells Lumbermill.

Here they must work in the acknowledged and survive on gum rag lunch and casserole for barbecue. Count Olaf, is of path, lurking just offstage and anticipation to pounce. "The story abridge deliciously mock-Victorian and self-mockingly melodramatic," noted Booklist reviewer Carolyn Phelan, the critic also commenting specialty Brett Helquist's artwork and span Handler's "many asides to nobleness reader," both which "underscore position droll humor." As Sharon Concentration.

Pearce observed in School Read Journal, the book's humor "exaggerates the sour and makes anyone's real life seem sweet put in comparison."

The saga continues in The Austere Academy and The Substitute Elevator. In the former term, the Baudelaire children are reprove to a shack at illustriousness Prufrock Preparatory School where they face snapping crabs, strict punishments, dripping fungus, and the evils of the metric system.

Pimple the latter book, they forced to contend with new guardians Theologist and Esme Squalor while fractious to save two friends pass up the clutches of Count Olaf. "Series fans will enjoy dignity quick pace, entertaining authorial asides, and over-the-top characterizations, and … Helquist's droll pencil drawings choice add to their reading pleasure," Phelan noted of The Unreal Elevator.

In The Vile Village, ethics Baudelaires are adopted by blue blood the gentry residents of V.F.D., a township run by a strict parliament of elders whose myriad laws regulate every aspect of villagers' lives.

When the children part falsely accused of murder, they must escape from jail conjoin avoid being burned at righteousness stake. "Arch literary allusions early payment the stories for readers recess different levels," noted School Collection Journal contributor Farida S. Dowler. The Baudelaires volunteer their checking at Heimlich Hospital in The Hostile Hospital, "another darkly funny, nightmarish adventure," as Phelan expressed.

The trio is once re-evaluate pursued by Count Olaf favour his cohorts, who this throw a spanner in the works threaten Violet with a cranioectomy. Writing in Entertainment Weekly, Magistrate Fierman praised the author's "devilish carnivals of wit, wordplay, cranium adventure."

The Carnivorous Carnival finds decency children disguised as circus freaks in order to investigate Madame Lulu, a fortune teller who uses her crystal ball give permission fuel Olaf's evil plans.

"The humor is as sharp bit ever," Heather Dieffenbach commented make happen School Library Journal. In The Slippery Slope, Violet and Klaus must rescue young Sunny, who has been kidnaped by position count and taken to depiction Mortmain Mountains. According to Entertainment Weekly reviewer Alynda Wheat, glory tenth entry in the periodical "is as delightfully dark in the same way ever."

While searching for a vitally important sugar bowl in The Grim Grotto, the Baudelaire offspring make a new ally bond submarine captain Widdershins, who helps them battle Olaf and monarch nefarious colleagues, Esme Squalor come first Carmelita Spats.

Snicket/Handler's "villains be left deliciously villainous, and the tolerant Baudelaires still accept struggle lacking in complaint," Zvirin stated. In The Penultimate Peril, the Baudelaires collect at the Hotel Denouement, clean up venue organized according to magnanimity Dewey decimal classification and whose guests include a host a variety of characters from earlier series installments.

As Zvirin noted, "this creative go-round seems more dizzying … than usual."

Snicket concluded "A Heap of Unfortunate Events," with glory appropriately titled The End. Directionless in the open seas keep an eye on Count Olaf, the Baudelaires enjoy very much washed ashore and welcomed overtake friendly islanders, though their sanctuary does not remain safe select long.

Several critics noted rove this final installment offers span fitting although somewhat ambiguous understanding to the series. In grandeur words of Horn Book critic Claire E. Gross, "Where Snicket excels … is in equalisation the expectation of happy happening against his own repeated declarations that none exists." Henry Alford, writing in the New Royalty Times Book Review, offered top-notch different assessment, remarking that glory novels offer an unconventional adaptation experience: "Where, in the take out … does the ‘Unfortunate Events’ series leave us?

It leaves us reminded of what necessitate interesting and offbeat educator Coach is." According to Alford, "the books seem at times need a covert mission to service their readers into slightly dark-complexioned sophisticates…. amply prepared for honesty rocky narrative landscapes of Author and Eco."

"The Snicket novels escalate morality tales, albeit twisted ones," observed Amy Benfer in come together Salon.com review.

"Among other possessions, Snicket tells children that tighten up should never stay up unfrequented on a school night, coat to finish a very beneficial book; he insists that on touching is nothing worse than child who can't play the viol but insists upon doing good anyway." Through his use ticking off continual authorial intrusions, interjection operate definitions, and insertion of notice directions, Handler "was mostly reasonable knocking the heavy-handedness that Frantic remembered from kid's books wander I didn't like as swell child," as he reported make somebody's acquaintance Benfer.

"That sort of abuse seems to really appeal ingratiate yourself with kids."

Asked by Zvirin if inaccuracy viewed the end of series with nostalgia, Handler responded: "A little. It's like rite your baby learn to pull or your child graduate outsider college … but that doesn't mean I'd want to unfasten it again." However, the essayist admitted to Bookseller interviewer Carolingian Horn that his literary vocation is far from over.

"I plan to keep writing safe children and adults," he vocal. "My problem isn't the investigate for ideas but how drive whittle the ideas down." Regardless, he added, in typically aloof fashion, "if no one pays any more attention to suppose again as a writer, satisfactorily, that will be exactly what I predicted all along."

Biographical become peaceful Critical Sources

BOOKS

Haugen, Hayley Mitchell, Daniel Handler: The Real Lemony Snicket, Gale (Detroit, MI), 2005.

PERIODICALS

ALAN Review, winter, 2001, Linda Broughton, examine of The Miserable Mill, proprietress.

35.

Book, July, 2001, Kathleen Odean, review of The Ersatz Elevator, p. 81.

Booklist, March 15, 1999, Stephanie Zvirin, review of The Basic Eight, p. 1289; Dec 1, 1999, Susan Dove Lempke, review of The Bad Beginning, p. 707; February 1, 2000, Susan Dove Lempke, review short vacation The Wide Window, p.

1024; May 1, 2000, Carolyn Phelan, review of The Miserable Mill, p. 1670; June 1, 2000, Ted Leventhal, review of Watch Your Mouth, p. 1857; Oct 15, 2000, Susan Dove Lempke, review of The Austere Academy, p. 439; August, 2001, Carolyn Phelan, reviews of The Artificial Elevator and The Vile Village, p. 2122; October 15, 2001, Carolyn Phelan, review of The Hostile Hospital, p.

392; June 1, 2002, review of Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography, possessor. 1725; December 15, 2002, Susan Dove Lempke, review of The Carnivorous Carnival, p. 761; Nov 15, 2004, Stephanie Zvirin, survey of The Grim Grotto, proprietress. 586; December 1, 2005, Stephanie Zvirin, review of The Penult Peril, p.

47; February 15, 2006, Allison Block, review business Adverbs, p. 5; October 15, 2006, Stephanie Zvirin, review most recent The End, p. 48.

Bookseller, Hawthorn 19, 2006, Caroline Horn, "Lemony Snicket—A Happy Ending?," p. 32.

Christian Science Monitor, August 12, 1999, Ron Charles, review of The Bad Beginning and The Craniate Room, p.

21.

Entertainment Weekly, Nov 2, 2001, Daniel Fierman, dialogue of The Hostile Hospital, holder. 70; October 3, 2003, Alynda Wheat, review of The Ill at ease Slope, p. 79; September 24, 2004, Alynda Wheat, review insensible The Grim Grotto, p. 112; October 20, 2006, Alynda Corn, review of The End, proprietor.

86.

Guardian (London, England), June 7, 2006, Tim De Lisle, meeting with Handler.

Horn Book, March, 2001, Christine Heppermann, "Angel Wings take Hard Knocks," p. 239; January-February, 2007, Claire E. Gross, debate of The End, p. 73.

Library Journal, March 15, 1999, Rebekah Kelm, review of The Fundamental Eight, p.

108; June 1, 2000, Rebecca Kelm, review castigate Watch Your Mouth, p. 196.

Newsweek, September 27, 2004, Malcolm Designer, interview with Lemony Snicket, proprietor. 84.

New Yorker, June 21, 1999, review of The Basic Eight.

New York Times, October 20, 2001, Daniel Handler, "Frightening News: Greatness Importance of Scary Stories," owner.

A17.

New York Times Book Review, October 22, 2006, Henry Alford, reviews of The End increase in intensity The Beatrice Letters, p. 18.

New York Times Magazine, April 29, 2001, Daphne Merkin, "Lemony Snicket Says, ‘Don't Read My Books!’"

Publishers Weekly, March 1, 1999, regard of The Basic Eight, proprietress.

59; September 6, 1999, regard of The Bad Beginning, owner. 104; May 29, 2000, Military foray Lodge, "Oh, Sweet Misery," owner. 42; June 19, 2000, examine of Watch Your Mouth, proprietress. 60; October 6, 2003, study of The Slippery Slope, possessor. 86; October 18, 2004, conversation of The Grim Grotto, possessor.

66; January 30, 2006, debate of Adverbs, p. 36; Oct 29, 2007, review of The Latke Who Couldn't Stop Screaming: A Christmas Story, p. 56.

School Library Journal, November, 1999, Linda Bindner, review of The Tolerable Beginning, p. 165; July, 2000, Sharon R. Pearce, review endorse The Miserable Mill, p.

110; October, 2000, Ann Cook, con of The Austere Academy, proprietor. 171; August, 2001, Farida Pitiless. Dowler, reviews of The Substitute Elevator and The Vile Village, pp. 188-189; November, 2001, Denim Gaffney, review of The Acrid Hospital, p. 164; January, 2003, Heather Dieffenbach, review of The Carnivorous Carnival, p.

144; Jan, 2004, Krista Tokarz, review accuse The Slippery Slope, p. 134.

ONLINE

A Series of Unfortunate Events Net site,http://www.lemonysnicket.com (February 1, 2008).

BookBrowser.com, http://www.bookbrowser.com/ (July 15, 2000), Jonathan Shipley, review of Watch Your Mouth.

Lowell Online,http://www.thelowell.org/ (February 15, 1999), Philana Woo, "Author Reflects on Extraordinary School Life."

Salon.com,http://www.salonmag.com/ (August 17, 2000), Amy Benfer, "The Mysterious Available.

Snicket."