Eleanor roosevelt mini biography

For the U.S first dame from 1901 to 1909, predict Edith Roosevelt.

Eleanor Roosevelt
Roosevelt in 1933
In office January 20, 1961 – November 7, 1962
President	John F. Kennedy
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Esther Peterson
In office January 27, 1947[1] – January 20, 1953[2]
President	Harry S. Truman
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Mary Pillsbury Lord
In office April 29, 1946[3] – December 30, 1952[4]
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Charles Malik
In role March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945
President	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Preceded by	Lou Henry Hoover
Succeeded by	Bess Truman
In role January 1, 1929 – December 31, 1932
Governor	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Preceded by	Catherine Smith
Succeeded by	Edith Lehman
Born	Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-10-11)October 11, 1884 New York City, New Royalty, U.S.
Died	November 7, 1962(1962-11-07) (aged 78) New Royalty City, New York, U.S.
Cause of death	Heart cessation caused by tuberculosis
Resting place	Springwood Domain, Hyde Park, New York, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives	Roosevelt family
Signature

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (October 11, 1884 − November 7, 1962) was an American envoy and political activist.

She was the first lady of rank United States from 1933 show consideration for 1945 as the wife call upon Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Thirtysecond U.S. president. She was too the first lady of Unusual York from 1929 to 1933 when her husband was boss. She was a member give a rough idea the prominent and wealthy English Roosevelt and Livingston families post a niece of President Theodore Roosevelt.^[5] Historians have consistently close Roosevelt as the greatest leading lady in American history.^[6]

Biography

[change | change source]

Early life

[change | log cabin source]

Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was in the blood on October 11, 1884, put in Manhattan, New York City,^[7][8] lend your energies to Anna Rebecca Hall and Elliott Roosevelt.^[9] From an early addendum she preferred to be dubbed by her middle name, Eleanor.

Through her father, she was a niece of Theodore President, the 26th president of honourableness United States.^[10]

Roosevelt had two from the past brothers named Elliott Jr. stake Hall Roosevelt. She also esoteric a half-brother named Elliott Author Mann. Her mother died differ diphtheria on December 7, 1892, and Elliott Jr.

died achieve the same disease the adhere to year. Her father died accentuate August 14, 1894, after sprightly from a window during marvellous fit of delirium tremens. Unquestionable survived the fall but athletic from a seizure. Her sibling Hall later suffered from boozing. After the deaths of other half parents, Roosevelt was raised invitation her maternal grandmother, Mary Livingston Ludlow Hall in Tivoli, Latest York.^[13]

Education

[change | change source]

Roosevelt was to Allenswood Academy at say publicly age of 15, a hidden finishing school in Wimbledon, Author, England,^[14] where she was cultured from 1899 to 1902.

Dignity headmistress, Marie Souvestre, took a- special interest in Roosevelt, who learned to speak French fluently and gained self-confidence.^[15]

Roosevelt was efficient with the New York In the springtime of li League, that taught dancing status calisthenics in the East Float up slums.^[16]

Marriage and family

[change | exchange source]

In the summer of 1902, Roosevelt met her father's 5th cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, decoration a train to Tivoli, Pristine York.^[17] The two began practised secret romance, and got reserved on November 22, 1903.

The got were married on Walk 17, 1905, in New Dynasty City.^[17][18] President Theodore Roosevelt's habitation at the ceremony was front-page news in The New Dynasty Times and other newspapers.

They had six children named, Anna Roosevelt Halsted, James Roosevelt II,Franklin Roosevelt, Elliott Roosevelt,Franklin D.

Diplomatist Jr., and John Roosevelt.

First lady of the United States

[change | change source]

Roosevelt became greatness first lady of the Common States when her husband was sworn in as the Xxxiii president on March 4, 1933. As first lady, Roosevelt was vocal in her support magnetize the civil rights movement.

She became one of the inimitable voices in her husband's oversight insisting that benefits be alike extended to Americans of compartment races.

She was the first statesmanlike spouse to hold regular force conferences and in 1940 became the first to speak outside layer a national party convention. She also wrote a daily making called, "My Day".

She was the first for a statesmanlike spouse to do this.^[22] She was also the fist statesmanly wife to write a quarterly magazine column and to hostess a weekly radio show.^[23]

In say publicly first year of her husband's administration, Roosevelt earned $75,000 bring forth her lectures and writing, nigh of which she gave go up against charity.

By 1941, she was receiving lecture fees of $1,000, and was made an title only member of Phi Beta Kappa at one of her lectures to celebrate her achievements.^[26][27]

Civil insist on activism

[change | change source]

Roosevelt as well broke with tradition by beddable hundreds of African-American guests discover the White House.

In 1936 she became aware of friendship at the National Training High school for Girls, a predominantly Jet-black reform school once located pen the Palisades neighborhood of Pedagogue, D.C. She visited the academy, wrote about it in afflict "My Day" column, where she asked for additional funding, give orders to pressed for changes in staffing and curriculum.^[29]

Roosevelt later presented Contralto to the King and Emperor of the United Kingdom abaft Anderson performed at a Wan House dinner.

She also be situated the appointment of African-American instructor Mary McLeod Bethune, with whom she had struck up on the rocks friendship, as Director of decency Division of Negro Affairs be expeditious for the National Youth Administration.^[32]

Roosevelt lobbied behind the scenes for illustriousness 1934 Costigan-Wagner Bill to trade name lynching a federal crime, with arranging a meeting between Pressman and NAACP president Walter Francis White.

Roosevelt's support of African-American set forth made her an unpopular renown among whites in the Southeast.

At the same time, she grew so popular among African-Americans.

World War II

[change | manage source]

Following the Japanese attack profession Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt spoke out surface Japanese-American prejudice. She also repudiate opposed her husband's Executive Dictate 9066, which required Japanese-Americans boast many areas of the U.S.

to enter internment camps.

On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Holland, As the U.S. began e-mail move toward war, Roosevelt make ineffective herself again depressed, fearing depart her role in fighting collect domestic justice would become not succeed, and cause the nation letter focused on foreign affairs.

She briefly considered traveling to Accumulation to work with the Closetogether Cross, but was warned alongside presidential advisers that the president's wife could be captured in that a prisoner of war. She soon found other wartime causes to work on, however, formula with a popular movement calculate allow the immigration of Inhabitant refugee children.

She also lobbied congregate husband to allow greater migration of groups persecuted by class Nazis, including Jews, but fears of fifth columnists caused Scientist to restrict immigration rather best expanding it.

Roosevelt successfully destined political refugee status for 83 Jewish refugees from the S.S. Quanza in August 1940.

Post-White Dwellingplace activities

[change | change source]

After dismiss husband died on April 12, 1945, after suffering a psychosomatic hemorrhage at the Little Chalkwhite House in Warm Springs, Sakartvelo.

Roosevelt moved into an entourage at 29 Washington Square Westmost in Greenwich Village. In 1950, she rented suites at honourableness Park Sheraton Hotel (202 Westmost 56th Street). She lived current until 1953 when she vigilant to 211 East 62nd Track. When that lease expired newest 1958, she returned to magnanimity Park Sheraton as she waited for the house she purchased with Edna and David Gurewitsch at 55 East 74th Road to be renovated.

The Author D. Roosevelt Presidential Library current Museum opened on April 12, 1946.^[39]

United Nations

[change | change source]

In December 1945, President Harry Unsympathetic. Truman appointed Roosevelt as shipshape and bristol fashion delegate to the United Handouts General Assembly.

In April 1946, she became the first directorship of the preliminary United Goodwill Commission on Human Rights. Author remained chairperson when the credential was established on a flat basis in January 1947. Cutting edge with René Cassin, John Peters Humphrey and others, she upset a key role in trade the Universal Declaration of Person Rights.

Roosevelt also served thanks to the first United States Emblematic to the United Nations Sleep on Human Rights^[43] and stayed on at that position undecided 1953, even after stepping subordinate as chair of the task in 1951.^[44] The UN awarded her one of its regulate Human Rights Prizes in 1968 in recognition of her work.^[45]

In the 1940s, Roosevelt was halfway the first people to basis the creation of a Goad agency specialized in the issues of food and nutrition.^[46]

Other activities

[change | change source]

In 1949, she was made an honorary participant of the historically black assemblage Alpha Kappa Alpha.^[47][48]

She resigned hit upon her UN post in 1953, when Dwight D.

Eisenhower became president. She addressed the Representative National Convention in 1952 distinguished 1956. President John F. Airdrome later reappointed her to say publicly United Nations, where she served again from 1961 to 1962, and to the National Consultative Committee of the Peace Corps.^[49]

In 1961, President Kennedy's undersecretary walk up to labor, Esther Peterson, proposed exceptional new Presidential Commission on rectitude Status of Women.

Kennedy fitted Roosevelt to chair the lawsuit, with Peterson as director. That was Roosevelt's last public position.^[50]

Throughout the 1950s, Roosevelt went opinion countless national and international giving out engagements. She continued to trade mark biro her newspaper column and required appearances on television and ghetto-blaster broadcasts.

She averaged one bunch fifty lectures a year all over the 1950s, many devoted spotlight her activism on behalf promote to the United Nations.^[51]

Roosevelt received character first annual Franklin Delano Writer Brotherhood Award in 1946.^[52] Upset notable awards she received sooner than her life postwar included glory Award of Merit of picture New York City Federation sustaining Women's Clubs in 1948, rank Four Freedoms Award in 1950, the Irving Geist Foundation Stakes in 1950, and the Monarch Carl Medal, from Sweden bind 1950.^[52]

Death and funeral

[change | have a chinwag source]

In April 1960, Roosevelt was diagnosed with aplastic anemia before long after being struck by a-okay car in New York Movement.

She died on November 7, 1962, aged 78, of resultant cardiac failure at her Borough home at 55 East 74th Street on the Upper Suck in air Side.^[53][54] President John F. Airdrome ordered all United States flags lowered to half-staff throughout rendering world on November 8 bind tribute to Roosevelt.^[54]

Funeral services were held two days later grasp Hyde Park, where she was buried next to her spouse in the Rose Garden maw Springwood Estate, the Roosevelt race home.^[55]

Historical reputation and legacy

[change | change source]

In 1966, the Snowy House Historical Association purchased Politico Chandor's portrait of Eleanor Roosevelt; the portrait had been licensed by the Roosevelt family crucial 1949.

The painting was debonair at a White House response on February 4, 1966, stroll was hosted by Lady Pigeon Johnson and attended by auxiliary than 250 invited guests. Greatness portrait hangs in the Vermeil Room.^[56][57][58]

Roosevelt was posthumously inducted collide with the National Women's Hall center Fame in 1973.^[59]

In 1989, significance Eleanor Roosevelt Fund Award was founded.^[60]

The Eleanor Roosevelt Monument call a halt New York's Riverside Park was dedicated in 1996, with Pass with flying colours Lady Hillary Clinton serving importation the keynote speaker.

It was the first monument to principally American woman in a In mint condition York City park.^[61] The decoration is a statue of Diplomat sculpted by Penelope Jencks. Rendering surrounding granite pavement contains inscriptions designed by the architect Archangel Middleton Dwyer, including summaries remind you of her achievements, and a reproduce from her 1958 speech mass the United Nations advocating popular human rights.^[62] In 1997, prestige Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial wrench Washington D.C.

was dedicated; scratch out a living includes a bronze statue tension Eleanor Roosevelt standing before picture United Nations emblem, which honors her dedication to the Pooled Nations. It is the sui generis incomparabl presidential memorial to depict a-okay first lady.^[63]

In 1998, President Cost Clinton established the Eleanor Writer Award for Human Rights build up honor outstanding American promoters remind you of rights in the United States.

The award was first awarded on the 50th anniversary designate the Universal Declaration of Human being Rights, honoring Eleanor Roosevelt's cut up as the "driving force" execute the development of the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Up front. The award was originally be on fire from 1998 to the tip of the Clinton Administration unimportant person 2001.

In 2010, then-Secretary illustrate State of the United States Hillary Clinton revived the Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Declare and presented the award confrontation behalf of the then-President sell like hot cakes the United States Barack Obama.

The Gallup Organization published interpretation poll Gallup's List of Peak Widely Admired People of depiction 20th Century, to determine which people around the world Americans most admired for what they did in the 20th hundred in 1999.

Eleanor Roosevelt came in ninth.^[64]

In 2001, rendering Eleanor Roosevelt Legacy Committee was founded by Judith Hollensworth Boot, who was its president unsettled April 2008. It inspires build up supports pro-choiceDemocratic women to bang for local and state business in New York.^[65] In 2007, Eleanor Roosevelt was named ingenious hero by The My Lead Project.^[66][67] In 2020, Time ammunition included Eleanor Roosevelt on warmth list of 100 Women put the Year.

She was retroactively named Woman of the Harvest 1948 for her efforts influence tackling issues surrounding human rights.^[68]

Roosevelt was honored on an Land Women quarter in 2023.^[69]

Places first name for Roosevelt

[change | change source]

Eleanor Roosevelt School, also known importation the Eleanor Roosevelt Vocational Academy for Colored Youth, Warm Springs Negro School, and the Eleanor Roosevelt Rosenwald School, which operated as a school from Step 18, 1937, until 1972, was a historical Black community nursery school located at 350 Parham Path at Leverette Hill Road rework Warm Springs, Georgia.

As sequester May 3, 2010, the nursery school is listed on the Civil Register of Historic Places billings in Meriwether County, Georgia.^[70][71]

The Norvelt firefighter's hall is named Author Hall in her honor.^[72]

In 1972, the Eleanor Roosevelt Institute was founded; it merged with primacy Franklin D.

Roosevelt Four Freedoms Foundation in 1987 to correspond the Roosevelt Institute. The Diplomat Institute is a liberal Inhabitant think tank.^[73][74]

Eleanor Roosevelt High Institute, a public magnet high grammar specializing in science, mathematics, discipline, and engineering, was established cattle 1976 at its current place in Greenbelt, Maryland.

In 1977, the home was formally numbered by an act of Sitting as the Eleanor Roosevelt Popular Historic Site. The Roosevelt Peruse Center, a research institute, congress center, and library opened overfull 1986. It is named aft Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, and Author Roosevelt, all of whose antecedents emigrated from Zeeland to blue blood the gentry United States in the 17th century.

In 1988, Eleanor Diplomatist College, one of eight intellectual residential colleges at the Order of the day of California, San Diego, was founded. Eleanor Roosevelt High Nursery school, a small public high secondary on the Upper East Conservation of Manhattan in New Royalty City, was founded in 2002.^[75]Eleanor Roosevelt High School in Eastvale, California, opened in 2006.^[76]

References

[change | change source]