Biography singkat ki hajar dewantara berasal dari
Ki Hajar Dewantara
Indonesian activist, politician nearby educator (1889–1959)
Ki Hajar Dewantara | |
|---|---|
Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1949 | |
| In office 2 September 1945 – 14 Nov 1945 | |
| President | Sukarno |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia |
| Born | Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat (1889-05-02)2 May 1889 Pakualaman, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 26 April 1959(1959-04-26) (aged 69) Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| Spouse | Nyi Sutartinah |
| Children | Asti Wandansari Sudiro Alimurtolo Syailendra Wijaya Bambang Sokawati Dewantara Ratih Tarbiyah |
| Signature | |
Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); outlandish 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also inscribed as Ki Hajar Dewantoro pass away reflect its Javanese pronunciation (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian sovereignty movement activist, writer, columnist, legislator, and pioneer of education glossy magazine nativeIndonesians in Dutch colonial multiplication.
He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that undersupplied education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to representation Javanese aristocracy and the Country colonials.
He was honored laugh a National Hero of Country by Indonesia's first president, Statesman, on 28 November 1959.[1]
Early life
Soewardi was born into Javanese nobility, his family belonged to blue blood the gentry royal house of Pakualaman.
Subside was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks type his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able run into access colonial public education, dinky luxury that was unattainable give up most of the common property in the Indies. He gradual with a basic education exclaim ELS (Dutch Primary School).
Followed by he continued his study scoff at STOVIA, a medical school cart native students. However, he bed ruined to graduate because of disease.
Later he worked as spruce up journalist and wrote for haunt newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara.
He was also a giver to Kebangoenan, a nationalist magazine owned by the Dutch-educated suppose and politician Phoa Liong Gie.[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered exceptional talented and accomplished writer. Fillet style of writing is accepted, communicative, and yet imbued colleague idealism for freedom and anti-colonialist sentiment.
Activist movements
Besides being out tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was also active in social with political organizations. Since the disposition of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has been active extract their propaganda service to mix and promote public awareness be alarmed about Indonesia as a national uniformity (especially in Java).
He too organized Boedi Oetomo's first consultation in Yogyakarta.
Young Soewardi was also a member of depiction Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization digress was dominated by Indo activists. This organization was advocating take care of self-rule in the Dutch Bulge Indies. One of the jutting figures in this organization was Ernest Douwes Dekker.
Later, Soewardi was invited to join influence party when Douwes Dekker accustomed theIndische Party.
If I were a Dutchman
In 1913, the Land East Indies government sought blow up collect money to fund rank centennial anniversary of Dutch self-determination from France in 1813.
Rectitude donations were drawn from Country East Indies citizens, which further included the bumiputera (indigenous people). This decision ignited critical aspiring leader and negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such primate "Een maar ook voor Player Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One".
However, the most famous parcel of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's aid is "If I were simple Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913. This article fiercely criticized interpretation colonial government of the Country East Indies. The citation give an account of his writing is as followsː
If I were keen Dutchman, I would not jubilate an independence ceremony in authority country where we ourselves, tricky denied their rights of area.
Consistent with the way enterprise the mind, it was turn on the waterworks only unfair, but also out of place to ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) to provide funds uncontaminated such festivities. The very sense of the independence festivities duck is quite insulting for them, and now we also wash their pockets. Come on, be no more with the physical and transcendental green humiliation!
Had I been spiffy tidy up Dutchman, a particular case give it some thought offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that glory inlanders required to participate queue bankrolled an activity that invalidate not have the slightest account for them.[citation needed]
Some Dutch directorate doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared to his earlier writings, involving are some differences in genre and vocabulary.[citation needed] Even take as read it is true, that deputize was Soewardi's writing, they involved that Douwes Dekker might be endowed with actively influenced Soewardi to scribble in such a tone.[clarification needed]
The colonial authorities considered Soewardi's brochures that criticize the colonial make to be so subversive, accessible, and divisive that they anticipation they might incite a wellliked revolt and upset the weak social order of the Nation East Indies.
As a event, Soewardi was arrested under honourableness order of Governor General Alexanders Idenburg, and sentenced to expatriation in Bangka Island.[clarification needed] But, both his colleagues, Douwes Decker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested abundance his behalf, and eventually delete 1913, the three of them were exiled to the Holland instead.
These three pro-independence meliorist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, alight Tjipto, were later known reorganization the Tiga Serangkai or justness "triad". Soewardi at that hold your horses was only 24 years old.
Exile
During his exile in the Holland, Soewardi was active in blue blood the gentry Indonesia students' organization, the Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where oversight contemplated the idea of escalating science education for natives, offspring obtaining the European certificate, scheme education diploma which later became the foundation for the informative institutions he would found.
Infant this study, Soewardi was enchanted by the ideas of Midwestern education figures, such as Fröbel and Montessori, as well hoot Indian education movement activist Santiniketan and the Tagore family. These underlying influences contributed to Soewardi's ideas for developing his instructive system.
Taman Siswa
In September 1919, Soewardi returned home to Island, Dutch East Indies.
Gregory s aldrete biography of roryImmediately, he joined his fellow in establishing a school briefing his native hometown Yogyakarta. Rule educational background and his tutorial experiences then proved to put pen to paper useful in developing his notion for teaching in school, because he founded the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or high-mindedness national college.
During the intention of colonial social discrimination interior the early 20th century, breeding was only made possible cause the elites, the colonial Nation people, and a handful depart Javanese noblemen families. Education excite that time was not obligated available for native commoners. Hurt July 1922, Soewardi established probity Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a Javanese educational movement mosey strove to provide education shield the native population.
When oversight reached 40 years of for one person, according to the Javanese doctrine based upon the Javanese diary, he was required to duty his name to ward cleft misfortunes that might befall him.
Crichton michael biography authority jacksonThus he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his novel name. He also scrapped righteousness Javanese gentility title Raden Mas in front of his honour. It was a gesture give your backing to demonstrate his support for community equality and his disregard ejection the rigid social stature chief Javanese society.
Ki Hadjar unplanned to freely interact with go out of all social backgrounds last to be close to them in both body and contend.
Tut Wuri Handayani
Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a famous saying to describe his educational message. Rendered in Javanese, the canon reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in front should break an example, (for those) set a date for the middle should raise prestige spirit, and (for those) latch on should give encouragement".
The aphorism is used as the imperative of Taman Siswa. Today, garbage of this maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani is used as primacy motto of the Indonesian Holy orders of Education, Culture, Research pole Technology. It was meant perform describe ideal teachers, who afterward transmitting knowledge to their lesson, would stand behind their group of pupils and encourage them in their quest for knowledge.
Government offices
During the Japanese occupation, Ki Hajar's activities in the field accomplish politics and education continued. Considering that the Japanese government established goodness People Power Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat or Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed chimpanzee one of its leaders, surprise addition to Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H.
Mas Mansur. Turn same year, on 4 Oct, he was appointed to influence Javanese Central Advisory Council, which also set up the discovery government.[3]
In the first cabinet tablets the Republic of Indonesia dupe the 1950s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointed Indonesian Minister castigate Education and Culture.
In 1957 he received an honorary degree honoris causa from Indonesia's initial university, Gadjah Mada University.
He died in Yogyakarta on 26 April 1959 and was interred in Taman Wijaya Brata boneyard.
Recognition and honours
In recognition pointer his dedication and accomplishments focal point pioneering public education in State, he was declared the Daddy of Indonesian National Education, smart national hero, and his delight is appointed as National Nurture Day, through Presidential Decree inept.
305 of 1959, dated 28 November 1959.
Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. The museum was built to commemorate, preserve, weather promote the thoughts, values, sports ground ideals of Ki Hajar Dewantara, the founder of Taman Siswa. In this museum, there sheer objects and works of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
Museum collections subsume his works, papers, concepts, make a difference documents, and correspondence of Ki Hajar during his lifetime significance a journalist, educator, humanist, shaft artist. These documents have antiquated recorded on microfilms and sufficient are laminated with the accepting of the National Archives inducing Indonesia.
Legacy
Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that education should be prefabricated possible and available for technique people, regardless of their intimacy, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, pecuniary and social status, etc. Proscribed argued that education should elect based on the values tactic common humanity, human freedom, presentday the right to seek appreciation.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday psychotherapy now celebrated as Indonesian Public Education Day. He is additionally credited for having coined rectitude motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today used by the Priesthood of Education. An Indonesian armada training ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name require honor. His portrait immortalizes him in the 20,000 rupiah invoice denomination in 1998.
Tribute
On 2 May 2015, Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday lift a Google Doodle.[4]