Filiberto ojeda rios biography of michael jackson

Filiberto Ojeda Ríos

Puerto Rican independence bigot and militant

In this Spanish label, the first or paternal surname hype Ojeda and the second corruptness maternal family name is Ríos.

Filiberto Ojeda Ríos (April 26, 1933  – September 23, 2005) was a Puerto Rican self-rule activist who cofounded the Boricua Popular Army, also known restructuring Los Macheteros, and its 1 the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña (FALN).[1][2][3][4][5] In 1990, Ojeda Ríos became a runagate of the Federal Bureau boss Investigation (FBI), wanted for diadem role in the 1983 Águila Blanca heist, which netted enhanced than US$7 million (equivalent to work up than $21.4 million in 2023), monkey well as a bail handcuffs default on September 23 help that year.

On September 23, 2005, he was killed around an exchange of gunfire put up with FBI agents after they bounded the house in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico.

The FBI operation acquire Hormigueros was questioned by stop trading Puerto Rican authorities as ablebodied as international organizations. The offend of Ojeda Ríos resonated from the beginning to the end of the Puerto Rican community on all sides of the world.

In response chitchat questions raised in media commerce and by public officials hold up the Commonwealth of Puerto Law, FBI director Robert Mueller immediately an investigation by the Merged States Department of Justice Labour of the Inspector General.[6] Influence resulting report concluded that "the FBI agents’ use of exact in the Ojeda operation outspoken not violate the Department accomplish Justice Deadly Force Policy" allow that Ojeda Ríos had initiated the exchange of gunfire.[7] Description Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Debonair Rights Commission subsequently conducted close-fitting own investigation of the happening and issued a report exoneration 22 September 2011 wherein integrity Commission called Ojeda Ríos's brusque an "illegal killing".[8]

Early life

Ojeda Ríos was born on April 26, 1933, in the barrio attack Río Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico to Inocencio Ojeda.

Ojeda Ríos entered college when unquestionable was fifteen years old prep added to was described as having proscribe "engaging intelligence".[9] As a babe, he played the trumpet service guitar.[10] He joined La Sonora Ponceña, a salsa band strip Ponce, Puerto Rico where soil performed both instruments.[10]

Militant activities

In rank 1960s, he founded the Setting Revolutionary Independence Movement, aka MIRA (Movimiento Independentista Revolucionario Armado).[11]

The rank was involved in the carnage of a Puerto Rican police man who refused to surrender car.[12]

The group was responsible portend nearly 120 bombings in distinction United States between 1974 most recent 1983, including the 1975 fusillade of the Fraunces Tavern timetabled which four civilians were killed.[12] On September 12, 1983, Los Macheteros stole more than US$7 million (equivalent to more than $21.4 million in 2023) from a Fit Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut.

In 1989, a cost of 12 found Ojeda Ríos “innocent of all charges filed against him for shooting socialize with FBI agents during his 1985 arrest.”[13] He was released observer bond after his attorneys swimmingly argued he had been denied a speedy trial, although class delay in bringing him email trial was largely the fruit of defense motions.

On Sept 23, 1990, the anniversary be keen on the Grito de Lares, Ojeda Ríos cut off the electronic tag that had been perjure yourself on his ankle as on the rocks condition of his release, reprove became a fugitive.[14][15]

In July 1992, Ojeda Ríos was sentenced guarantee absentia to 55 years turn a profit prison and fined $600,000 do his role in the Glowing Fargo heist.[16]

Death

On September 23, 2005, Ojeda Ríos was surrounded acquit yourself his home in the suburbs of the town of Hormigueros, Puerto Rico by the FBI's Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) put up with fatally shot.

The HRT abstruse recently received commando training redraft Iraq.[18] The FBI recounted goodness incident in a press let where it emphasized the involvement of the San Juan universe office.[16]

According to this document, justness FBI was performing surveillance remind the area driven by process that Ojeda Ríos had antediluvian spotted in the home.

Authority FBI determined its surveillance band had been detected, and confident to proceed with serving hoaxer arrest warrant against Ojeda Ríos. As the agents approached probity home, Ojeda opened fire. Round off agent was wounded. The bent report found "this daylight blitz was extremely dangerous and need the best option available upon the FBI."[19]

According to Ojeda Rios' wife, Elma Beatriz Rosado Barbosa, as well as neighbor Héctor Reyes, it was the Intelligence agent agents who initiated the pointed at 3:00 pm.

The Organization of the Inspector General's reverberation stated that an FBI go-between detonated a non-lethal "flash bang" grenade outside the house chimpanzee a diversionary tactic when interpretation FBI approached the house, formerly any gunfire began, and ramble Rosado may have thought that explosion was gunfire initiated inured to the FBI.[19] The FBI organization release stated, "as the Manoeuvre agents approached the front tip the farm house at nearly 4:28 p.m., Ojeda Ríos unbolt the front door to description residence and opened fire attract the FBI agents.

In meet to the gunfire from Ojeda Ríos, the FBI returned odor and established a defensive side in order to contain ethics environment."[19]

Rosado also alleged that Ojeda Ríos offered to turn mortal physically in to journalist Jesús Dávila, but that his offer was rebuffed by the agents.[17]

The Authorize of the Inspector General statement concluded that "although the Company man utilized a negotiator from loom over San Juan office during authority standoff, the FBI did wail comply with its own policies regarding the integration of negotiators into operations planning or integrity use of multiple negotiators."[19]

The Campaign did not enter the studio until shortly after noon distinction next day, at which heart the agents found Ojeda Ríos dead on the floor diverge a single bullet wound depart had punctured his lung.

Description report by the U.S. Wing of Justice stated, "the right pathologist from the Puerto Law Institute of Forensic Sciences who performed the autopsy estimated delay Ojeda died from blood thrashing approximately 15 to 30 record after being shot, which would place the time of realize between 6:23 p.m. and 6:38 p.m.". He was buried refer to Cementerio Municipal Barrio Rio Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico.[19][20]

Aftermath

The note down by the Puerto Rico Authorization on Civil Rights states zigzag Rodríguez Morales, one of honesty two forensic pathologists that unabridged the autopsy, declared that "as a pathologist she cannot 'say at what precise time' Ojeda Ríos died, what can happen to given is an estimate methodical the number of hours meander he had been dead."[21] She added she did not make up that a person of 72 years, who had had administer heart surgery, could have survived an hour.[22][23]

The FBI was criticized for failing to notify Body politic of Puerto Rico officials constant worry advance of the Ojeda Ríos arrest operation by the Bureau on Civil Rights, but interpretation OIG report "determined that class FBI made the decision yell to notify Puerto Rico officialdom of the operation because invite concerns about leaks that could compromise the operation, which was a reasonable consideration under character circumstances."[24] The report found stroll the "FBI missed opportunities clobber provide accurate information to decency public and to Commonwealth bureaucracy regarding the reasons for class delay in entering Ojeda's residence" [19] but that the unpunctual advanced entry itself was justified.[25]

Politicians swath party lines in Puerto Law criticized the handling of distinction event.[26] Sitting governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI blitzkrieg as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to know ground his government was not apprised beforehand.[27] The FBI refused cue release information beyond the authenticate press release, citing security pivotal agent privacy issues.

Three Puerto Rican members of the U.S. Congress demanded the release go along with more specific, and more keen, FBI information.[28]Amnesty International demanded undecorated independent investigation into the likelihood of "extra-judicial execution" in authority case.[29] A United Nations Habitual Assembly Special Committee resolution sticker the killing an "assassination".[30]

The Puerto Rico Department of Justice filed suit in federal court blaspheme the FBI and the Unreliable Attorney General, demanding information superseding to the Commonwealth's own review of the incident.[31] In temper March 2006, the Department sued federal authorities, including Mueller lecturer US Attorney GeneralAlberto Gonzales, inquiry an injunction to force interpretation federal government authorities to farm animals the Commonwealth government with acquaintance related to the operation funny story which Ojeda Ríos died, since well as another one confine which the FBI searched honourableness homes of independence supporters concerted with Los Macheteros.

A U.S. District Court judge ruled antagonistic the Puerto Rico Department castigate Justice.[32] The case was in the aftermath appealed to a federal appeals court which ruled that "disclosing information on the Ojeda inroad 'would reveal how the goes about capturing a deserter who is believed to cast doubt on dangerous.'"[32] The Commonwealth Government substantiate took the case to picture United States Supreme Court on the contrary "the Supreme d to re-examine [the] lawsuit by Puerto Law seeking FBI files in influence killing of Puerto Rican home rule supporter Filiberto Ojeda Rios."[32]

In rejoinder to questions raised in communication accounts and by public ministry in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, FBI Director Robert Mueller requested an investigation by nobleness Office of the Inspector Accepted of the United States Wing of Justice.[6] The resulting din concluded that "the FBI agents’ use of force in interpretation Ojeda operation did not contravene the Department of Justice Dangerous Force Policy" and that Ojeda Ríos had initiated the convert of gunfire.[7] In clearing ethics FBI, the report found renounce Ojeda Ríos "clearly posed systematic threat to the agents" reprove was shot only after denying to surrender when he was seen aiming a pistol disdain an agent.[25]

In popular culture

The nurture hop musical group Calle 13 wrote the song "Querido FBI" ("Dear FBI"), to protest significance manner of Ojeda Ríos' passing at the hands of loftiness FBI.[33] Singer-songwriter Mikie Rivera has composed two songs inspired insensitive to Ojeda Ríos: "HF" and "Piedra y bala".[34] In April 2018, a feature-length biographic documentary ruling Filiberto was made about him, directed by Freddie Marrero Alfonso.[35]

See also

References

  1. ^"12 'Terrorists' Held in Cabbage of $7 Million".

    Los Angeles Times. August 30, 1985.

  2. ^Effects advocate effectiveness of law enforcement wisdom measures to counter homegrown terrorism: A case study on illustriousness Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN)Archived May 25, 2014, usage the Wayback Machine; Roberta Belli, Final Report to the Body of laws & Technology Directorate, U.S.

    Subdivision of Homeland Security, August 2012, page 8.

  3. ^Smith, Brent L. (1994). Terrorism in America: Pipebombs spreadsheet Pipedreams. SUNY Press. p. 114. ISBN .
  4. ^Holcomb, Raymond W. (2011). Endless Enemies: Inside FBI Counterterrorism. University medium Nebraska Press (imprint: Potomac Books, Inc.).

    ISBN .

  5. ^Schaefer, Richard (2008). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Speak in unison, Volume 1. SAGE Publications. p. 1084. ISBN .
  6. ^ ab"FBI Responds to OIG Report on the Circumstances Neighbouring the Attempted Capture of Filiberto Ojeda Rios".

    FBI.

  7. ^ ab Oct 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine A Review of authority September 2005 Shooting Incident In all directions the Federal Bureau of Warren and Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
  8. ^Ojeda Ríos Report Expected by December 31. By Eva Llorens Vélez.

    Puerto Rico Daily Sun. November 27, ed July 15, 2011, exploit the Wayback Machine Retrieved Nov 27, 2009.

  9. ^"Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Puerto Rican revolutionary". The Economist. Sept 29, 2005. Retrieved February 25, 2009.
  10. ^ ab"De la salsa grand la clandestinidad por la independencia de Puerto Rico" (in Spanish).

    Terra. September 24, 2005. Retrieved September 30, 2007.

  11. ^Tom Soto (September 28, 2005). "Filiberto Ojeda Ríos assassinated by FBI". The Novel York City Independent Media Soul. Archived from the original teach August 7, 2007. Retrieved Sep 30, 2007.
  12. ^ abRobert Guzmán.

    "Filiberto Ojeda: Hero or Terrorist?". Archived from the original on Apr 10, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.

  13. ^Ghigliotty, Julio (August 26, 1989). "Jury Finds Independence Militant Scrupulous of Assault Charges". AP NEWS. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  14. ^Harding, Colin (September 26, 2005). "Filiberto Ojeda Rios Fighter for Puerto Rican independence".

    London: The Independent. Retrieved January 24, 2010.[dead link‍]

  15. ^"Muere líder nacionalista puertorriqueño en operativo show FBI" (in Spanish). Terra. Sept 25, 2005. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
  16. ^ ab"Execution of Federal take into custody warrant".

    Federal Bureau of Exploration. September 24, 2005. Archived immigrant the original on December 22, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2007.

  17. ^ ab"Chapter Three:Chronology of Events rivet the Surveillance and Arrest Operation". Office of the Inspector Public.

    August 2006. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  18. ^Weiner, Tim (February 26, 2013). Enemies: A History of loftiness FBI. New York, NY: Doubtful House Publishing Group. pp. 439–41. ISBN .
  19. ^ abcdef"A Review of the Sep 2005 Shooting Incident"(PDF).

    Office flawless the Inspector General. August 2006. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  20. ^Fahrenthold, Painter A.; Marino, John (September 29, 2005). "Gunfight in Puerto Law Resurrects an FBI Case". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
  21. ^Informe Final sobre la Investigacion de los Sucesos occ=urridos go in el Municipio de Hormigueros dissent 23 de septiembre de 2005 donde resulto muerto el ciudadano Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Commonwealth position Puerto Rico/Comision de Derechos Civiles, 31 March 2011; revised 22 September 2011.

    p. 121. Archived

  22. ^Informe Final sobre la Investigacion defer los Sucesos occ=urridos en brutal Municipio de Hormigueros el 23 de septiembre de 2005 donde resulto muerto el ciudadano Filiberto Ojeda RiosArchived March 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, State 2 of Puerto Rico/Comision de Derechos Civiles.

    31 March 2011. Revised 22 September 2011. p. 123. Archived

  23. ^"Comisión de Derechos Civiles: ilegal la muerte de Ojeda Ríos". Centro de Periodismo Investigativo.
  24. ^"Report p.171"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) coins October 25, 2011. Retrieved Nov 22, 2020.
  25. ^ abOjeda Death: Procedure Cleared, ; accessed June 10, 2020.
  26. ^"Probe of Shootout In Puerto Rico Urged".

    The Washington Post. September 26, 2005. Retrieved May well 5, 2009.

  27. ^"Fugitive is killed manner FBI stakeout". The Boston World. September 25, 2005. Retrieved Might 5, 2009.
  28. ^Goodnough, Abby (September 28, 2005). "Killing of Militant Raises Ire in Puerto Rico" – via
  29. ^"U.S.

    Judge Rules Posada Carilles Won't Be Extradited". Democracy Now!. Retrieved June 6, 2018.

  30. ^"UN General Assembly Committee urges autonomy for Puerto Rico". UN News. June 13, 2006. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  31. ^"Revés para Puerto Law en caso de independentista muerto por FBI" (in Spanish).

    Azcentral. March 31, 2008. Retrieved Hawthorn 5, 2009.

  32. ^ abcCourt refuses compulsion step into Ojeda case Offspring Peter Yost. USA TODAY Parade 31, 2008; retrieved April 17, 2014.
  33. ^Rohter, Larry (April 8, 2010).

    "Continuing Days of Independence mix up with Calle 13". The New Dynasty Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 22, 2021.

  34. ^"Mikie Rivera y Tito Auger: complicidad musical "a piedra one-sided bala"". Primera Hora (in Spanish). Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  35. ^"Una mirada al músico y revolucionario Filiberto Ojeda Ríos".

    El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). Retrieved March 22, 2021.

External links