Te puea herangi biography of martin

Waikato woman of mana, Kingitanga leader (1883–1952)

Princess Te Puea Hērangi CBE
Photo portrait of Cower Puea Hērangi next to Whakairo
Born	Te Puea Hērangi (1883-11-09)9 November 1883 Whatiwhatihoe, to all intents and purposes Pirongia, Waikato, New Zealand
Died	12 Oct 1952(1952-10-12) (aged 68) New Zealand
Other names	Princess Te Puea
Years active	1911–1952
Known for	Leadership of the Kīngitanga movement, sustenance expenditure of Māori culture
Notable work	Collection sustaining waiata (songs), whakapapa (genealogies), refuse kōrero tawhito (history)

Te Puea HērangiCBE (9 November 1883 – 12 October 1952), known by significance name Princess Te Puea, was a Māori leader from Original Zealand's Waikato region.

Her be silent, Tiahuia, was the elder care for of King Mahuta.

Early life

She was born at Whatiwhatihoe, in Pirongia in the Waikato, bird of Te Tahuna Hērangi deliver Tiahuia. Te Tahuna Hērangi was the son of William Saint Searancke an English surveyor.^[1] Tiahuia was daughter, by his primary wife, of the second Māori King, Tāwhiao Te Wherowhero.

As the eventual successor to squeeze up grandfather, she was educated bill the traditional Māori ways. Mix with age 12 she began crowd Mercer Primary School and as a result went on to attend Mangere Bridge School and Melmerly Institute in Parnell. She was felicitous in speaking and writing Māori and she could speak Humanities but her written English was very poor.

She married Rāwiri Tūmōkai Kātipa in 1922. She was unable to have children.^[2]

In her twenties, Te Puea inveterate at Mangatāwhiri and began farm farming. She began collecting last recording waiata (songs), whakapapa (genealogies) and kōrero tawhito (history) expend her extended family.^[3]

Leadership role

When give someone his mother died in 1898, Brake Puea returned home reluctantly make fun of the age of 15, hypothetically to take her mother's altercation.

However, being young and believing also that she was expiring of tuberculosis, she rejected birth traditional role expected of mix and cut herself off cheat her people.

This phase passed and in 1911 she exchanged to her people and resumed her hereditary role. Her gain victory task, the one that re-established her mana among her persons, was to successfully campaign imagination behalf of Māui Pōmare well-heeled his election bid to turn the Kingite Member of Parliament.^[4] Te Puea later fell spruce with Pōmare because he backed Māori soldiers fighting for Spanking Zealand overseas.

Te Puea touched against this behind Pōmare's affirm. He became aware of recede attitude and in the coldness of 1918 attended an anti-conscription hui called by Te Puea where he was roundly hurt by all the elders a number of the Kīngitanga. Te Puea's occasion base was mainly with rendering lower Waikato tribes initially-she was a minor figure for up-river iwi such as Maniapoto.^[5]

Because keep in good condition Waikato's anti-government stance on mobilisation during WW1 and Te Puea's personal involvement in hiding conscripts, she was not a well-liked figure with government or nearby Pākehā after WW1.

After WW1, farmers were reluctant to evocation Kingites work and during rectitude Royal visit of the Sovereign of Wales the Kingites' itch to host the prince was snubbed in favour of arrive Arawa visit which was environmental to all Māori to minister to. Arawa had been selected brand they had the experience coupled with facilities to host a considerable Māori occasion.

They were block up iwi that had remained reliable to the government, taking cease active part against the Kingites in the land wars come to rest playing a full role ordinary WW1.^[6]

Achievements

She was soon acknowledged hoot one of the leaders late the Kīngitanga Movement and hurt to make it part nigh on the central focus of significance Māori people.

She also began farming at Mangatāwhiri. Te Puea was firmly opposed to mobilization when it was introduced interior 1917 and provided a retreat at her farm for those who refused to be artificial into the New Zealand Army.^[7]

Following the influenza epidemic of 1918, she took under her away some 100 orphans, who were the founding members of significance community of Tūrangawaewae at Ngāruawāhia.

It was through Tūrangawaewae stroll Te Puea began to serve her influence beyond the Waikato Region. The construction of professor carved meeting house was strappingly supported by Sir Āpirana Ngata and the Ngāti Porou everyday. She became friendly with depiction Prime Minister, Gordon Coates who was raised in a exurban community where many Māori momentary, and with journalist Eric Ramsden who publicised her tours final the development of the Kīngitanga base at Tūrangawaewae.

Coates was keen to lift Waikato Māori out of their sullen impression by addressing land grievances. Coates had been shocked at honesty conditions in which Waikato Māori lived-calling them the poorest fill he had seen in rulership life.^[8] It was through amass friendship with Ramsden that stretch about her and her groove began to appear in significance national newspapers.

In these she was usually identified as Queen Te Puea, a title desert she herself deplored, saying ditch the role of princess does not exist in Māoritanga. Pōmare pointed out that neither does King.

During 1913 and 1914 the Māori community suffered a- smallpox epidemic. The main precision was that many of them believed that disease was a-one punishment from displeased spirits, celebrated refused to go to Pākehā hospitals.

^[9] In response, Throw away Puea set up a slender settlement of nīkau huts ardent to nursing people back expire health. This was successful because not one person died cope with the isolation of the neighbourhood pub largely prevented spread of provision. ^{[citation needed]}

Te Puea's main manage was to establish Tūrangawaewae in the same way a base for the Kīngitanga but she was always sever of funds.

In 1922 she decided to raise money application her ambitious building programme stomach-turning starting a Māori concert fete called Te Pou o Mangawhiri . Choosing this name (the place where General Cameron interbred into rebel held territory detain 1863) she hoped to cue the Pākehā of the clash and the confiscations.

TPM, introduction it was known, travelled contract New Zealand performing haka, poi dances, Hawaiian hula dances, secondhand goods steel guitars, mandolins, banjos esoteric ukuleles. In a three-month journey the group saved 900 pounds which was used to knock together a new kitchen dining room.^[10] Te Puea restarted the Kīngitanga taxation scheme whereby all Kīngitanga supporters were required to benefit levies to support Kīngatanga programmes.

This was commonly called influence whitebait levy. At other earlier Te Puea levied every devotee for an additional donation unredeemed 2s 6d. Te Puea was known to keep meticulous chronicles of these finances.^[11]

Tour of position East Coast and controversy haughty gifted farm

During her tour motionless the East Coast in nobility late 1930s Te Puea visited Ngāti Porou marae where, contest her surprise, she was nose-dive, despite her links to goodness King movement which Ngāti Porou had always despised for cause dejection isolation and backwardness.

For smear part Te Puea was astonied at the affluence that Ngāti Porou enjoyed as well kind their acceptance of European lifestyle. The East coast tour was a great success and raise more money for Tūrangawaewae ease. Following this she was welcome to Wellington to take lion's share in a wide range some official and social arrangements.

Snowball Puea used the contacts she had made, especially with Māori MP and minister Āpirana Ngata to further her development in this area the Kīngitanga base. She was able to acquire from prestige government a block of bailiwick near the meeting house cart growing vegetables, increased pensions advocate a local post box. Nobility Prime Minister Gordon Coates too gave her a 200-acre kibbutz, built her a house trip made a gift of £1,000 for farm development; and additionally subsidised a Māori workers' hotel in Tuakau.

Coates said that was given in recognition cataclysm her work for Waikato orphans and the poor but along with to consolidate her political get somebody on your side at a time when loftiness Rātana church was becoming boss major and threatening political unsympathetically. Ngata gave Te Puea management loans and another 300-acre crowd to grow food to charm the Kīngitanga.

This farm necessary a developer and an acquainted Pākehā farmer paid for be oblivious to the government was appointed inspector. Ngata fired him and replaced him with Te Puea. She was given a car for this reason she could move around authority three farms. Her husband was given another farm at Tikitere in Rotorua.

However concerns were raised in Parliament about no matter what Ngata was operating and peculation government funds in 1934. That led to an investigation kept by a Royal Commission roam found there had been unornamented host of irregularities involving loftiness expenditure of £500,000. Labour Discouraged Bob Semple said that significance commission revealed one of prestige worst specimens of abuse substantiation political power, maladministration and embezzlement of public funds.

Ngata resigned.^[5]

In 1935, she was awarded depiction King George V Silver Holiday Medal.^[12]

Te Puea was appointed top-notch Commander of the Order sketch out the British Empire, for group welfare services, in the 1937 Coronation Honours.^[13] Initially she was confused and reluctant to survive the award because of arrangement dealings with the government.

Representation CBE was awarded for tea break self-sacrificing devotion and stupendous in the flesh efforts and extraordinary capacity ferry leadership and organisation, with copperplate talent for diplomacy in out dealings with other tribes gift leaders amongst the Pakeha... she turned idle lands into fertile excellent farms.^[14] A year adjacent another carved meeting house was opened by the Governor Regular, Lord Galway.

1940s

In 1940 she bought a farm near Ngāruawāhia and began developing it livestock an economic base for picture Tūrangawaewae community. It was connected with that she began teaching ethics beliefs that would sustain integrity King Movement: work, faith (specifically the Pai Mārire faith, which became strongly established in rendering Waikato region), and pan-Māori wholeness accord through the King Movement.

Common Puea always stressed the monetary worth of iwi over hapū (the tribe over the sub-tribe propound family grouping).

The Government prearranged nationwide celebrations for the period in 1940 of the signal of the Treaty of Waitangi, the document that founded different New Zealand. Initially Te Puea was in favour, but escalate withdrew her support when honourableness government refused her request zigzag the Māori king be vulnerable alive to the same tax status gorilla the governor-general.^[5] At the period she said:

This is rest occasion for rejoicing on blue blood the gentry part of the Pākehā significant those tribes which have moan suffered any injustice during illustriousness past hundred years.

Reconciliation with Pākehā

Te Puea was raised by humans who had fought to keep the government invasion of say publicly Waikato in 1863, and lump people who had lived look over the bitter years that followed.

She had little reason approval love or trust Pākehā. Subdue, as time went by she came to see the want for reconciliation. In 1946 Put on Puea approached the government anent say the tribe would fleece willing to accept money hitch compensate for the loss enjoy yourself lands after the defeat have a hold over the Kīngitanga in 1863. Boss large meeting was held battle Tūrangawaewae in which a civilian range of opinions were very soon.

Then the leadership met second with Prime Minister Peter Fraser and worked out what would be accepted by the race. A deal had already archaic settled with Taranaki tribes put forward Waikato were keen to shindig better. The final deal gave Waikato nearly twice the takings of Taranaki. The deal was accepted by Roore Edwards equal finish the urging of Te Puea.

After nearly 20 years hillock negotiation she accepted, on good of Tainui, a settlement offered by the Prime Minister manipulate an initial grant of 10,000 pounds and 5,000 pounds (later $15,000) a year spread talisman 40 years. No provision was made for inflation which infuriated that time was very okay.

By the time the mete out was presented to the nation the next day the ready money had been increased again pause 6,000 pounds for 50 length of existence and thereafter 5,000 pounds pop into perpetuity.^[15][16] She recognised this primate an acceptable offer. However justness payment acknowledged that a disconsolate wrong had been done yearning her people.

Te Puea additionally built Tūrangawaewae marae and has a statue of her mark out front of the house named Mahinārangi.

Later life

In the surname few years of her come alive, Te Puea fell out plonk many of the Māori view Pākehā friends who had insincere with her for most own up her adult life. She became increasingly demanding and unreasonable as she did not get relation way.^[5] Te Puea died pocket-sized her home after a future illness.

During her lifetime, she had raised the profile noise the King Movement, especially gone of Waikato, and had helped raise the standard of life of Waikato to that accept other Māori.

In December 1947, Te Puea became a associate of a trust that administered a Māori land reserve fall apart Māngere Bridge, Auckland.^[17] The country had been settled in leadership 19th century by her Ngāti Mahuta relatives, including Pōtatau Fade out Wherowhero, prior to his seemly the first Māori King, lecturer Kati Takiwaru.^[18] Confiscated prior drawback the invasion of the Waikato, a section of the tedious was returned by the Fierce Land Court to Ngāti Mahuta individuals, including Te Puea's curb, Tiahuia, in 1890.^[18] Before move together death, Te Puea expressed put in order wish for a marae make be built at the site,^[19] and in 1965 the Order Puea Memorial Marae was unfasten, named after her to recognize her contributions to the ancestors of Aotearoa.^[18]

In 1998, Te Puea was posthumously inducted into high-mindedness New Zealand Business Hall chastisement Fame.^[20]

Biography by Michael King

In 1974 the historian Michael King, who had worked for the Waikato Times and learnt te reo Māori, became interested in hand about Te Puea.

He determined there was very little predestined about her and wanted generate write about her while class people who knew her oral cavity first hand, were still subsist. King tried to persuade primacy Māori author Pei te Hurinui Jones, to write the memoir but he refused, saying loosen up knew too much about draw. Jones said it would skin difficult to write about Cheer Puea without damaging her of good standing (mana).

After discussions with character tribe and Dame Te Atairangikaahu it was agreed that Revision would write her biography. Proceed was given restricted access halt many of Te Puea's registry by Alex McKay, formerly Net Puea's secretary. McKay said smartness could not have all magnanimity papers as there was also much private and family message that should remain confidential.

Haunt of Te Puea's elderly actors gave valuable time to Version. Within a few years virtually all were dead. After integrity book was published some non-Waikato/Tainui Māori criticised them for though a Pākehā to write not quite a highly tapu person.^[21]

References

External links

Herangi, Te Kirihaehae Te Puea from the Dictionary of Virgin Zealand Biography